![]() Crack initiation stresses were calculated and compared by ANOVA and the Duncan test (α=.05). Variables tested besides the bonding system included the length of the porcelain block (7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm) the thickness of the block (1.0 mm, 1.6 mm) testing the specimens 1 mm off-center and reusing the strips. ![]() ![]() Bonding and firing of opaque porcelain was accomplished by using a traditional titanium ceramic system and a newly introduced bonding system. Grade 4 titanium strips were laser machined to meet ISO 9693:2009 standards. Bonding was characterized by the delamination crack initiation stress per ISO 9693:2009. The purpose of this study was to compare titanium bonding with a traditional bonder and a newly introduced titanium bonding system. ![]() One major obstacle to broad clinical acceptance of porcelain-titanium prostheses is the poor ceramic-metal bonding. ![]() The fabrication of complex substructures is now possible with a number of automated systems. Titanium is widely used in implant dentistry because of its high strength, toughness, biocompatibility, and low cost. ![]()
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